Jainism, one of the ancient religions, promotes non-violence and compassion towards all living beings. Arya Mahameghabahana Cheti-Raja-Vamsa-Vardhana Maharaja Sri Kharavela, the renowned emperor of Kalinga, epitomized these Jain principles throughout his reign. This blog post explores the significant contributions of Emperor Kharavela, his association with Jainism, and his benevolent deeds that left an indelible mark on the history of Odisha.
Table of Contents
Kharavela’s Connection with Jainism
The reign of Kharavela is considered a milestone in the history of Odisha. The Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves, along with the Hathigumpha inscriptions, bear witness to Kharavela’s deep-rooted affiliation with Jainism. Among the followers of Mahavira, Kharavela stands out as an eminent figure. The Hatigumpha inscription begins with the invocation, “Namo Arihantanam Namo Sarva-Sidhamam,” underscoring Kharavela’s religious allegiance to Jainism.
Philanthropy and Achievements
Kharavela’s coronation was marked by grandeur and optimism, and he aspired to uphold the ideals outlined in ancient scriptures. As a ruler, he achieved remarkable success, evident from the biographical account inscribed in the Hathigumpha and Manchapuri Cave. In his early years as emperor, Kharavela focused on fortifying the capital city, Kaliga Nagari, which had been damaged by a cyclonic storm. He undertook extensive repair work, constructing gateways, ramparts, and a palace to bolster the city’s defenses. Additionally, he beautified the capital by building embankments, steps, gardens, and parks, all at a considerable cost. Kharavela’s commitment to his subjects is exemplified by his distribution of 60,000 Karshapanas among them.
Promotion of Jainism and Construction
Kharavela’s inscriptions reveal his dedication to the promotion of Jainism. The 10th line of the Hathigumpha inscription highlights his contributions to building caves for Jaina monks. In the 12th regnal year, Kharavela recaptured the image of Kaliga Jina, which had been taken by the king of Magadha during an invasion. To commemorate this victory, Kharavela professed Jainism and encouraged his queens, officials, and Kumaras to follow suit. He facilitated the spiritual practices of Jain monks on Kumari hill, offering maintenance and white garments. Kharavela commissioned the excavation of 117 caves as resting places for Jaina saints, attracting distinguished spiritual leaders from across India.
Kharavela’s Benevolence
The Hathigumpha inscription portrays Kharavela as a ruler who integrated religion into his daily life. Line 14 to the end of the inscription describes his magnanimous act of constructing a magnificent dwelling for Jaina saints at Kumari hill. Kharavela’s queen, Sindhula of Simhapatha, influenced this benevolent undertaking. The emperor dedicated significant resources to provide comfort and sustenance to the assembled saints, reinforcing his commitment to Jainism.
Conclusion
Kharavela, the philanthropic emperor of Odisha, embodied the principles of Jainism throughout his reign. While renowned for his military achievements, it is his benevolent deeds and promotion of Jainism that have immortalized him in history. Kharavela’s rock-cut architectural marvels in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves reflect his devotion to the welfare of his subjects and the preservation of nature. His legacy as a “Rajarshi” or saint monarch continues to inspire generations, underscoring the significance of compassion, philanthropy, and environmental stewardship in governance.